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Evolution Korea The financial crisis that hit Asia caused a major review of the old system of government and business alliances, and public management of risk. In Korea this required a change in the development paradigm. In a controversial decision the South Korean government has requested publishers of textbooks to ignore calls for the removal of examples of evolution in high school science texts. These include the evidence of the evolution of horses and of the avian an ancestor Archaeopteryx. 1. Evolution and Religion A group of creationists in South Korea has successfully convinced textbook publishers to exclude evidence of evolution in high school science textbooks. The Society for Textbook Revise, an independent branch of the Korea Association for Creation Research that aims to cleanse biology textbooks of “atheist materialism,” was behind the decision. The STR claims that this kind of materialism paints an unhopeful picture for students and can lead to their eventual denial of faith. When 에볼루션 룰렛 hit the news, scientists across the world expressed worry. In a letter addressed to the editor of Nature evolutionary biologist Jae Choe at Ewha Womans University in Seoul complained that South Korea had given in to religious prejudice. 에볼루션 게이밍 was supported by colleagues from all over the country, who formed a group named Evolution Korea to organize an anti-textbook petition. Some researchers are concerned that the STR will expand to other parts of the globe, where the belief in creationism has been increasing. The letter to Nature warned that the anti-evolutionist movement will push for textbook revisions in other countries, particularly those with large Christian and Muslim populations. South Korea has a particularly strong cultural background for the evolution debate. 26 percent of the country's citizens belong to one of the religious groups and the majority of them practice Christianity or Buddhism. Many Koreans also follow Ch'ondogyo, a philosophy based upon Confucian principles that emphasizes social harmony, individual self-cultivation, and self-respect. Ch'ondogyo teaches that human beings are one with Hanulnim, the God of the Sun, and that heaven-bound blessings can be obtained by doing good deeds. All of this has created a fertile ground. Multiple studies have shown students with a religious background to be more uncomfortable learning about evolution as compared to those who do not. However, the underlying causes of this phenomenon remain unclear. Students with a religious background may be less familiar with scientific theories, which makes them more susceptible to creationists influence. Another reason could be that students who have religious backgrounds are more likely to view evolution as an atheistic idea which could make them less at ease with the idea. 2. Evolution and Science In recent years, campaigns against evolution in schools have raised concern within the scientific community. A survey conducted in 2009 revealed that nearly 40% of Americans believed that biological evolution was a myth and that it would be in conflict with their religious beliefs. Despite the popularity of creationism in certain states, many scientists believe that the best way to combat this inclination is not to engage it, but rather to inform the public about the evidence for evolution. Scientists are responsible for teaching their students science that includes the theory of evolution. They should also inform the public about the process of scientific research and how knowledge is verified. They should also explain that theories of science are often challenged and re-examined. However, misunderstandings about the nature of scientific research frequently cause people to believe that evolution is not real. For instance, many people are able to confuse the term “theory” with the normal meaning of the word, which is a hunch or guess. In the realm of science the theory is rigorously tested and verified through evidence. A theory that is able to withstand repeated testing and observation is a scientific concept. The debate over evolution theory is an excellent opportunity to discuss both the importance of scientific method and its limitations. It is important to understand that science cannot answer questions about life's purpose or meaning, but rather offers a way for living things to evolve and adapt. A well-rounded education should also include exposure to all major scientific fields including evolutionary biology. This is crucial because the jobs people are employed in and the decisions they make require a understanding of how science functions. The majority of scientists around the world believe that humans have evolved over time. A recent study that predicted adults' view of the consensus around this issue found that those with higher levels of education and knowledge of science were more likely to believe there is a broad agreement between scientists regarding human evolution. Those with more religious faith but less knowledge of science tend to disagree more. It is essential that teachers stress the importance of gaining an understanding of this consensus so that people can make informed choices about health care, energy usage and other policy issues. 3. Evolution and Culture A close cousin to the popular evolutionary theory, cultural evolution focuses on the various ways humans—and other organisms—learn from and interact with one another. Researchers in this field utilize explanation models and tools that are adapted from the ones used by evolutionary theorists. they reach back into human prehistory to discover the genesis of our capacity for cultural understanding. This method also acknowledges that there are differences between biological and cultural characteristics. While biological traits are largely acquired in one go (in sexual species, during fertilization), cultural traits can be acquired over a lengthy period of time. The acquisition of one cultural characteristic may affect the development and growth of another. In Korea For instance the emergence of Western fashion elements in the latter part of the 19th and early 20th century was the result of a complicated sequence of events. One of the most significant was the arrival of Japanese occupation forces who introduced Western hairstyles and clothing styles to Korean society. When Japan left Korea in the 1930s, a few of these changes began to reverse. By the end of World War II, Korea was once more united but this time under the rule of the Choson dynasty. Today, Korea is a vibrant economic and political power. Despite the financial crisis of recent the economy of Korea has been growing steadily over the last decade. It is expected to continue this growth in the coming years. However, the current government is facing a variety of challenges. One of the most serious is the inability to come up with an effective strategy to deal with the economic crisis. The crisis has revealed the weaknesses of the country's economic policies, particularly its dependence on foreign investment and exports, which may not be sustainable in the long run. The crisis has shaken confidence of investors. As a result, the government needs to reconsider its strategy and come up with other ways to boost the domestic demand. It also needs to revamp the incentive, monitoring, and disciplining systems that are in place to guarantee an environment that is stable for the financial sector. This chapter provides a variety of scenarios of how the Korean economy could grow after the crisis. 4. Evolution and Education A fundamental challenge for educators of evolution is how to teach evolutionary concepts in a manner that is appropriate for students of different age groups and developmental stages. Teachers need to, for instance be aware of the religious diversity in their classrooms and create a learning environment where students from both religious and secular perspectives feel comfortable. Moreover, teachers need to understand common misconceptions about evolution, and how to address them in their classrooms. Teachers must also have quick access to the numerous resources available to teach evolution. In this regard the Thinking Evolutionarily Convocation was a crucial step in bringing evolutionary scientists and educators from a variety of disciplines to discuss best practices for teaching evolution. Participants included representatives from scientific societies, educational research, officials of government funding agencies as well as curriculum designers. The convergence of these diverse groups led to the identification of a common set of recommendations that will be the basis for future actions. It is important to include evolution in all science curricula at every level. To achieve this goal, the National Science Education Standards (NRC) call for evolution to be taught in a seamless manner across all sciences using a sequence of ideas that are developmentally appropriate. A new publication from the NRC provides guidance for schools on how to integrate evolution into the life science curriculum. Multiple studies have proven that a more comprehensive explanation of evolution can lead to better understanding by students and belief in evolution. It is difficult to determine causal effects in the classroom because school curricula do not change randomly and are affected by the timing of state boards of education and gubernatorial elections. To overcome this limitation I employ a longitudinal data set that gives me to control for the fixed effects of state and years as well as individual-level differences in teacher beliefs about evolutionary theory. Another significant finding is that teachers who are more comfortable with teaching evolution report having fewer personal barriers to teaching it. This is in line with the hypothesis that a faculty with more confidence is less likely to avoid discussing evolution topics in the classroom and could be more likely to employ strategies like a reconciliatory approach known to improve the acceptance of undergraduate students of evolution (Harms and Reiss, 2019; Tolman et al., 2020).